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Mammography
Mammography is a specialized X-ray imaging technique of the breast used to detect and evaluate breast abnormalities at an early stage, often before they can be felt through physical examination. It plays a crucial role in screening for breast cancer and in diagnosing breast conditions such as lumps, pain, or nipple discharge. By producing high-resolution images of breast tissue, mammography can reveal microcalcifications, cysts, tumors, and structural distortions that may suggest benign or malignant disease.
Clinical Applications
Early detection of breast cancer (reduces mortality).
Evaluation of breast lumps, cysts, or calcifications.
Monitoring high-risk women (family history, genetic mutations like BRCA1/2).
Follow-up after breast surgery or cancer treatment.
Guidance for biopsies (stereotactic mammography).
Advantages
Gold-standard for early breast cancer detection.
Detects abnormalities before they are clinically palpable.
Widely available and relatively low-cost.
Digital and 3D mammography provide higher accuracy, especially in dense breasts.
Limitations & Risks
Radiation exposure (very low, but cumulative with repeated scans).
Less sensitive in dense breast tissue (common in younger women).
Slight discomfort due to breast compression.